Nonfiction: A text based on facts and reality, including biography, history, and the essay
Essay: A short piece of writing on one subject, usually presenting the author’s own views
Speech: A formal address or discourse delivered to an audience
Audience: The assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting
Purpose: The reason an author decides to write about a specific topic
Rhetoric: The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; the ability to convince someone to do or believe something
Ethos: A type of rhetoric that uses the credibility or ethical appeal of a writer or speaker to persuade an audience
Pathos: A type of rhetoric that is an appeal to the emotions and attempts to convince an audience by creating an emotional response
Logos: A type of rhetoric that is an appeal to logic and is a way of persuading an audience by reason
Anecdote: A short story used to engage the audience that serves to make the listeners laugh or ponder over a topic
Bias: The way the audience or reader already feels about a topic or person prior to reading or listening to the person’s ideas—may be favorable or unfavorable
Propaganda: Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view