- Motional emf is the voltage induced in a conductor moving through a magnetic field.
- The magnetic field is into the page (-z) and the velocity is to the right; using the right hand rule, there is an upward force on the proton and a downward force on the electron pushing them to the extreme ends of the conductor as shown.
Production of an Electric Field
- Since there is a separation of charge in the conductor, an electric field is produced in the conductor.
- Eventually, for the electron, the magnetic force (down) = the electric force (up) at equilibrium
- Therefore, qvB = qE; and E=vB
- Since V=Ed or in this case d=length of the conductor; V=El OR V=vBl OR V=Bl
Derivation of Equation for ε For a Moving Conductor
- Since V=Ed or in this case d=length of the conductor; V=El OR V=vBL
- ε = Blv
- ε = induced emf, in Volts
- B = magnetic field, in T
- l = length of conducting bar, in m
- v = velocity of conductor, in m/s
Potential Difference in the Bar
- Since the positive charges were forced to the top of the bar, it is at the higher potential
- Potential difference is maintained across a conductor as long as there is motion through the field.
- If the motion is reversed, the polarity of the potential difference is also reversed.
A Moving Conductor as Part of a Closed Circuit
- Use the right hand rule for the current in the conductor to determine the direction of the magnetic force
- If the bar moves Δx in Δt, then …
- ΔΦ = BA = Bl(Δx) , if N=1 loop,
- ε = ΔΦ/Δt = (Bl Δx/Δt) = Blv
- The induced current, I = ε/R = Blv/R
(source)