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Credits: 1

Prerequisite: Algebra 1, High School Biology

Recommended: 11th

Test Prep: CLEP This course covers the basic material for a high school chemistry course. The CLEP covers two years’ worth of material. Those wishing to take the CLEP will have to do significant additional study.

Course Description: This curriculum includes topics such as matter, atomic theory, the periodic table of the elements, bonding, chemical equations, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, gas laws, acids, bases, and salts, reaction rates, thermonuclear and nuclear chemistry, and equilibrium. Students learn through texts, videos, online tutorials, as well as through hands-on and virtual laboratory experiments. A midterm and final exam will be given. This course is based on Georgia Virtual Learning’s High School Chemistry course but uses other resources throughout. All the PDFs not listed with a separate source are from this GVL course, though they may have gotten them from a different source themselves. (Thank you to Holly Dunn and especially Liz Mogg for all their help with preparing this course.)

Materials List for home labs

Also, a scientific calculator is required, particularly for performing pH calculations in Unit 11. Learn how to use it!

Note: This course may require more study and practice than other courses due to the complexity of some topics. The final exam will be created from your tests from throughout the course. Hold onto your tests and use them for review. (That’s always a good practice.)

Lesson 1(*) [Note that an asterisk * indicates that there is a worksheet on this lesson and an (*) indicates something optional to print]

Welcome to your first day of school! I wanted to give you one important reminder before you begin. Many of your lessons below have an internet link for you to click on. When you go to the different internet pages for your lessons, please DO NOT click on anything else on that page except what the directions tell you to. DO NOT click on any advertisements or games. DO NOT click on anything that takes you to a different website. Just stay focused on your lesson and then close that window and you should be right back here for the next lesson. Okay?

1. If you didn’t get here through My EP Assignments, I suggest you go there and create an account.
2. (*)Print out your first quarter grading sheet or use the Excel version.
3. Keep in mind that your success in Chemistry will be directly proportional to the amount of effort you invest. The complexity of some of these subjects may require additional study and practice on your part.
4. Laboratory safety is important. Although many labs are online, students will be conducting some labs at home. Please wear personal protective equipment such as safety glasses and gloves when needed.
5. Assignments
   1. Save your written work as a record of what you did in this course.
   2. Please, no cheating or plagiarizing.
6. What is Chemistry? Visit this website and read through what chemistry is all the way through what chemists do.
7. As you can see, chemistry is a very important part of many professions, from research scientists to physicians. Believe it or not, even chefs need to understand chemistry, as they are constantly changing matter from one form to another, using mixtures, reactions, heat, and so on.
8. The first unit on the Georgia Virtual site is a review of many concepts learned in High School Biology and a few from Algebra 1.
9. You will be using a computer graphing program in this course as well as a scientific calculator. Try to get one. If you can’t, you can use an app or one found on your computer or on the internet.
10. This is the end of your work for this course for your first day. You are allowed to move at your own pace (this is homeschooling), but it’s intended you complete one lesson a day.

Lesson 2*

1. *Print the key terms for the first unit.
2. Review the terms and then complete the crossword puzzle. You can click on the boxes and type in the words.
   • You can check your puzzle by clicking on the key picture.
3. Give yourself 5 points for completing the assignment.

Lesson 3

1. Briefly review the types of graphs. You only need to look at the first three: line, bar, scatter.
2. You are going to be creating two graphs using Vermier Graphical Analysis (or any other graphing program or drawing them by hand), identifying the type of line relationship between two variables, and answering questions. All of your instructions and directions are on this Graphical Analysis page.
3. Give yourself 10 points for completion of the day’s activities.

Lesson 4*

1. Do a quick practice using different kinds of graphs. (Don’t spend a lot of time here.)
2. Do you recognize the different types of graphs and how they are used? Do the two activities.
3. Although you learned about the scientific method in biology and possibly other previous sciences, we are going to review it here. It will assist you mentally when you complete a laboratory assignment and report.
4. *Print the note taking guide. (source)
5. Watch the video about the scientific method. It is 30 minutes long. Take notes on your pages as you watch.
6. Complete the self-assessment below the video. Give yourself a point for each blank you get correct.
7. Record your score out of 28.

Lesson 5

1. Try the Quantitative vs. Qualitative activity on page 2 of this PDF and the section on observations and inferences. (source)
   • Scroll down to check your answers.
2. Which is an observation and which is a conclusion?
   • The milk tastes sour. (Answer: observation)
   • The sour milk must be spoiled. (Answer: conclusion)
   • Gas blown on the candle was carbon dioxide because the flame went out (Answer: conclusion)
   • Lemon juice is an acid and tastes sour. All acids must taste sour. (Answer: conclusion)
   • The temperature of the liquid is 33 degrees Celsius. (Answer: observation)
   • The wire is copper since it is copper-colored and conducts electricity. (Answer: conclusion)
   • When the powder was added to the water, it fizzed. (Answer: observation)
   • It must be about to rain because the sky is getting dark. (Answer: conclusion)
   • What is the purpose of the candle wick? (Answer: fuel for the flame, holds the flame)
   • As a candle burns, it becomes shorter. Where does the wax go? (Answer: some melts, some burns off into gas)
   • Record up to 5 points. Take off a half point for any incorrect answer. There are ten in total.
3. Watch this lab safety video. It is a little silly but pay attention to personal protective equipment and procedures in case of an accident.
   1. Wear gloves, goggles, and some sort of smock or apron in case of spills.
   2. Never smell directly from a container. Wave your hand above it with your nose a short distance away until you catch a whiff ONLY IF the lab requires you to smell the solution. This is called “wafting.” Do not smell anything unless directed.
   3. If you get anything in your eye or eyes, immediately flush with water for at least 10 minutes. Get your parents’ attention immediately and they can call poison control if needed.
   4. Do NOT do any laboratory assignments without adult supervision.
   5. Wear shoes and preferably long pants in case of spills.
   6. Keep long hair pulled back.
   7. Wash your hands immediately if you get a chemical on them.
   8. Do not wear jewelry.
   9. Be careful where you have equipment placed.
   10. Clean up properly. Most of your labs will allow solutions to be washed down the drain. Keep the water running for at least 30 seconds to flush the sink adequately.
   11. Take data during the lab. Do not wait until the lab is over as you may forget the data. Feel free to use scratch paper that you can then transcribe to your lab notebook.
4. Note: There is a lab on Lesson 10. Start gathering the materials needed for that day (ruler, measuring tape, meter stick or yard stick, 2 different sized cups, bathroom scale that can weigh items at least between 1 and 20 pounds, measuring cup, large book, full two liter bottle or gallon of milk, large pot or pan).

Lesson 6

1. Learn about the scientific method.
   • You’ll want to choose infinite lives because you have to play through all the levels.
   • Make sure to click to go on to the next level.
   • Read the questions!
2. Record 40 points for completion, if you completed it.

Lesson 7*

1. Read How to Write a Lab Report.
2. *Print the Scientific Notation Note Taking Guide.
3. Watch the video on scientific notation. Try to take notes and answer the questions before they give you the answer. You should have learned this material in Pre-algebra and Algebra 1, so hopefully this will be a good review.
4. Refer to these notes if you are having a difficult time figuring out the answer and for the video quiz answers at the end. Do not print these. It’s 28 pages long and is just what’s in the video.
5. Complete the practice. Score up to 6 points for the practice questions.
   • Here’s the extra practice with scientific notation. Only use if it’s needed.
   • Here’s the answer key for the extra practice.
6. Record your score out of the 6 practice questions.
7. If you are having a difficult time with this section, try working some of the problems again. You could also go to Khan Academy and use the scientific notation sections to learn more and practice.

Lesson 8*

1. *Print the Scientific Measurement Note Taking Guide.
2. Watch the video.
   • Use the Scientific Measurement Video Notes if you are having trouble. (You do not need to print these notes out.)
3. Study the rules for significant figures under the video.
4. Try the quiz group. (Answers: CR1 – A, CR2 – D, 1 – C, 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – A)
5. Record your score from the quiz group out of 4 total.
6. Do the significant figures exercise. Review the rules above it for any wrong answers.
7. Watch the music video. It may be silly, but it has important information.

Lesson 9*

1. *Print the Metric Conversions Video note taking guide.
2. Watch the video and take notes.
   1. Refer to these notes if you need to for help with the quiz answers at the end of the video.
3. You Try It! on your own paper.
4. Check your answers. The answer key shows you how the answer was calculated, if you had any trouble. Rework any problems you got wrong. Take note of the units that must cancel out to arrive at the correct answer. Knowing what has to cancel will help you deduce how the problem must be set up.

Lesson 10(*)

1. (*)Complete the problems on Metric Conversions.
2. Check your answers.
3. (*)Complete the Measurement Lab.
4. Write a lab report. Note that this lab may not have a conclusion because you are taking measurements and converting them. No physical or chemical changes are observed. You will NOT be submitting your lab report to us.
5. Score the lab out of 20 points, for thoroughness and neatness. It needs to be complete and easily readable.

Lesson 11

1. Do the quiz. (questions edited from source)
2. Add one point if you were never sent back to the beginning to restart the quiz. Record your score out of 6 total.
3. Review the unit for a test tomorrow. Practice some of the math problems and know about types of data. Understand the scientific method and lab safety.

Lesson 12(*)

1. (*)Complete the Unit 1 Test.
2. Check your answers.
3. Score each answer correct out of 45 (chance for 5 points extra credit).  There are 50 total answers out of the 30 questions.

Lesson 13**

1. You will be starting the next unit, Matter. Read through the introduction:
   1. In this unit we will be introduced to matter, the basis of chemistry. You will learn how to classify matter, differentiate physical and chemical properties, and physical and chemical changes. You will need a calculator and a strong background in algebra as we work density problems.Did you know that Greek philosophers were curious about matter and what matter was composed of over 2,400 years ago? In this module, students will learn the history of the atom, dating back to the days of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers. We’ll concentrate on more recent theories and discoveries during the last 200+ years until we arrive at the present day understanding of what comprises an atom. We will use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in various atoms and their isotopes. Although the nucleus is the bulk of the atom by mass, it is the electrons that pique the interests of chemists most. The arrangement of electrons in the atom will also be studied.   (source)
      
2. *Print out the key terms.
3. You can work on your terms by using this crossword puzzle.
4. *Print the Study of Matter note taking guide.
5. Watch the Study of Matter video. You can use the video notes for study and for video quiz answers at the end.

Lesson 14

1. Watch this video on properties of matter. (density)
2. Here’s another. (malleability, brittleness, phase change)
3. Here’s a third video on sublimation and deposition.
4. Here’s a final video on chemical vs. physical properties and reactivity.
5. Take notes.

Lesson 15*

1. Review your notes.
2. *Print the note taking guide about the classification of matter.
3. Watch the video on the types of matter and take notes.
   • Use the video notes for review.
   • Check the answers for the quiz questions here: (answers:1. CO 2. Compound 3. Sodium chloride, 4. Pizza, 5. Compound).
4. Look over the flow chart and notes from today to review the concepts.

Lesson 16

1. Study the flow chart and notes from yesterday and watch the video.
2. Answer the questions.
   • What’s it called when a solid turns directly into a gas?
   • What’s the name of the variable changed directly by the scientist?
   • What is the name of something created by two or more elements combined chemically?
   • Answers: (sublimation, manipulated variable, compound)
3. Answer the questions. Use your notes if needed.
4. Record your score out of 17.
5. Here are several activities to practice classifying matter. Do at least the first one. Keep doing the next one until you are getting them all right.
   • Play the chemical mixture game. Drag the item on the conveyor to the correct category above.
   • Place the foods into the correct categories.
   • Place the items into the correct categories.

Lesson 17*

1. *Print the note taking guide.
2. Watch the Separation of Mixtures video. Pause the video as needed and write down your observations before proceeding. This video has a lot of math problems. Please take your time and rework ones you have trouble with. End of video quiz answers: (C-density, A-magnetism, B- D=m/v, C- 5 g/mL, A- float). Be sure you understand the answers.

Lesson 18*

1. Review your notes from yesterday.
2. *Print out the first page of the lab handout.
3. You’ll be following these directions.
4. Complete the virtual lab. Use the 25 mL graduated cylinder for the three metals. The 10 mL one in the instructions is too small.
5. Complete your chart and handout (Metal 1, 2, 3 = Metal A, B, C). When you are finished, you can fill in your metal choices on the computer screen and check your answers.
6. Begin your lab report in your lab notebook. You may complete the report on Lesson 19.

Lesson 19

1. Complete the lab report.
2. Record your score out of 20 points.
3. Study your notes thus far for a quiz tomorrow.

Lesson 20

1. Complete this page as a quiz. Answer the multiple choice questions and then continue down the page. Take off half a point for each hint you use. No peeking at answers until you’ve tried to answer.
2. Record your score out of 12. (Score up to 1 point for each answer.)
3. Review definitions and concepts that are giving you trouble.
4. Watch the video on states of matter. This video promotes the old Earth viewpoint. Talk to your parents about their beliefs.
5. Draw pictures or write to describe the different states of matter.

Lesson 21

1. Click on States. Answer the questions below.
   • Record your observations by recording the temperature and illustrations of each substance in the three states of matter. How are they different? (5 points)
   • Move to the next interactive, phase changes. Describe what happens to pressure when temperature increases. What type of relationship exists between pressure and temperature? (direct? inverse?) (5 points)
   • Look at the last interactive, interaction. Interact with it. Pull the atoms together and shoot one off the screen. What just happened? Write a paragraph describing the relationship between temperature and potential energy? (10 points)
     • Need a little info?
2. Record your score out of 20 points.
3. It says that scientists believe that in the beginning there was just energy, no matter. Do you know what the first thing God created was? Light! Do you know what light is? It’s moving energy. Remember that God didn’t create the stars (sun) until the fourth day.
4. Read about the plasma state and changes of state using the links below. They are brief.
   • plasma state
   • changes of state

Lesson 22(*)

1. Answer the questions.
   • (*)Complete the matching activity.
   • (*)Complete the crossword puzzle.
2. Score up to 5 points per each section for completing them correctly, even if you need to fix something.
3. Record your total out of 15 points.
4. Try to answer the questions.
5. Study your materials for this chapter. Know definitions and be able to recognize examples of them. Know the density equation and be able to work problems.

Lesson 23(*) (labeled as 24 on your grading sheet)

1. (*)Complete your Unit 2 test.
2. Check your answers.
3. Record your score out of 32. Add a point for each correct extra credit question.

Lesson 24

1. I’m not going to always give you a day like this, but I’m doing it today because it’s the end of your second unit. Now would be a good time to review the previous unit.
2. Can you still define the key terms?
3. Can you still answer the questions?
4. Don’t lose what you’ve gained. On days where the assignment is shorter, take a little time for review. There will be tests later in the year that will combine knowledge from the whole year.

Lesson 25***

1. *Print the key terms. You will be studying these terms throughout the unit.
2. *Print the note taking guide.   (source)
3. *Print out a periodic table. Keep this available through the whole course.
4. Keep the online periodic table bookmarked (or choose another you like online). You’ll want to be able to easily access it.
5. Read through the page on the new unit, Atomic Theory, and watch the video. (quiz answers: D, B, B, C, D, C, B)
6. Here is the list of lab materials you’ll need for this unit: funnel or cone-shaped paper made into a funnel (with a small opening), metric ruler, compass for drawing circles, sheet of large paper (at least 40 cm square-may use newspaper or tape several pieces of paper together), dried beans or peas (at least 100), plastic container.

Lesson 26

1. Complete the Rutherford Scattering Simulation.
   • Click on Plum Pudding Atom. Click to turn on the Alpha Particles. Click on Traces to watch their path. Make observations.
   • Reload the page and click on Rutherford Atom. Do the same thing with each option on the top left.
   • What’s happening? Why?
     • like charges are repelling
2. Watch the video on atomic theory timeline.
3. Study what you have learned thus far on atomic theory.

Lesson 27

1. Try the matching exercise.
2. Record your score out of 7.
3. If a hypothesis is proven false, is the experiment a failure? (Answer: No! Something was learned. The hypothesis then can be altered and the experiment tried again.)
4. Visit the interactive site BBC Bitesize about Atoms and Atomic Structure.
   • Read through the pages. Pay attention to the last few pages, which introduce several new concepts.
   • Remember that a compound includes the number of atoms of each element in that compound. For example, CO contains one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. CO₂ contains one carbon and two oxygen atoms. H₂O contains two hydrogen and one oxygen.
   • A chemical reaction is displayed similar to a mathematical problem with each side having the same mass. Remember that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a reaction; therefore, the number of atoms must also be equal in number, but not necessarily in arrangement. Reactions will be covered more in depth at a later date.
5. Try the test.
6. Record your score out of 7. (potential for 3 extra credit points)

Lesson 28

1. Read through Matter-Atoms from Democritus to Dalton by scrolling down and try the comprehension checkpoint questions throughout. Be sure you are familiar with Dalton’s theory.
2. Try the quiz.
3. Study the four items in Dalton’s Atomic Theory. Try to recite them and explain them to your parents.

Lesson 29*(*)

1. *Print the note taking guide. (source)
2. Watch the video on the structure of the atom. Take notes. (answers: C,B,C,B,A,A,C)
3. (*)Print the worksheet and complete the chart (source) or copy it and complete it in your notebook. Use your periodic table if needed. (answers) WORKSHEET CORRECTION: #5, Na neutrons is 12 (not 13).

Lesson 30

1. Try the isotope problems.
   • To calculate an average, you would multiply each mass times the decimal form of the percent for each isotope.
   • Then, add together those values. This is also shown in the answer.
   • Complete question 3 using the periodic table.
2. Check your answers.
3. Write a physical and chemical property of a piece of paper. (Answer: example-made from wood, burns)
4. What identifies an atom? (Answer: its atomic number)
5. What makes up the majority of an atom’s weight? (Answer: protons and neutrons)
6. An atom is equal when it has the same number of protons as what? (Answer: electrons)
7. Record your score out of 7 for the problems and questions.
8. Read more about isotopes: one, two.
   • Again, it introduces a new concept, radioactive decay. Just be aware that some isotopes are unstable and give off protons, making a totally new element with another element or particle released. Remember that when the atomic number changes, it becomes an entirely new element. Look at the examples that show this.

Lesson 31*

1. *Print the note taking guide.
2. Watch the video on electrons in the atom. Take notes. (answers: A,A,C,A,B,D,A)
3. Play a game.

Lesson 32

1. Do you remember the four items in Dalton’s Atomic Theory? Who was Neils Bohr? Max Planck? What is the equation used for the wave description of light? Check your notes to see if you were right.
2. Learn a little bit about wavelength and frequency problems.
3. Can you find the wavelength of a radio wave with a frequency of 90 MHz? (Answer: 3.3m)
4. Watch the flame test video to see how wavelength and frequency in waves is used to identify metals. It is an experiment and the screen is black for a bit.
5. Here’s an electron review. Watch the first four minutes and twenty-seconds.

Lesson 33**

1. *Print the note taking guide and the energy levels chart.
2. Watch the video on electron distribution and take notes and fill in what you can of the chart. Copy the diagonal rule when prompted. (answers: B,C,B,B,D,A,C)
3. Look at this page for review of orbitals.

Lesson 34

1. Answer the questions that follow.
   • You will follow the directions and use this site on electron distribution.
     • Choose s orbitals and state its shape.
     • Choose p orbitals and state the shape of the px orbit.
     • Choose d orbitals and state how many lobes a typical d orbital has.
     • Choose f orbitals and state how many orbitals are in the f sublevel.
     • Answers (from GVL: sphere, dumbbell, 4, 7)
2. Try Quiz 1, 3 and 4 from this site.
   • The key to this is to add up the number of electrons in the configuration (the raised numbers after the letters, which is the atomic number/number of electrons).
   • For Quiz 3 and 4, count the number of electrons as before, then look the final number up as the atomic number on the periodic table where you will find the chemical symbol or name.
   • How did you do? Practice more with these quizzes if you are having trouble.
3. Use your electron configuration chart from yesterday to try Quiz 5 at the same site above. Remember to put a number and letter in the first box and the number of electrons of that orbital in the raised box. How did you do?
4. Study your electron configuration chart from yesterday. Can you duplicate it? The orbitals are labeled s, p, d, f. Sometimes it is useful to make up an acronym to memorize this order. For example, I made up SuPer Dim Flashlight. It contains those letters (which I capitalized) in the correct order.

Lesson 35**

1. Try to write out the electron configuration chart from memory.
2. *Complete this worksheet using your notes for help if you need to.
3. *Complete the Orbital Diagram for a grade. Use your periodic table to assist in finding the atomic number and element. Hint: Each half-arrow represents one electron. Note that electrons fill the orbital spaces one at a time, then fill in the second electron to make a pair as the number of electrons increases.
   • Answers come from: Aluminum, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Fluorine, Helium, Hydrogen, Lithium, Magnesium, Neon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sodium
4. Check your answers.
5. Record your score out of 14 for the orbital diagram.
6. Take the quiz. Each time it starts you over, you lose one point.
7. Record your score out of 7.
   • (source: activities from GVL)
8. Gather the materials noted on Lesson 25 for your lab tomorrow. You will need at least 100 dried beans or peas.

Lesson 36

1. Complete the lab. You could use the graphing application you saved from the first unit or create your own graph.
2. Complete the lab report using the lab report directions.
3. Score your lab out of 20 points. You can use the grading rubric as a guide (and even divide your score by 5 to get it out of 20).
4. Can you duplicate the electron configuration chart?

Lesson 37(*)

1. Use your notes to study all of the information you have learned in this unit. In addition to the historical aspects, be able to use the wavelength formula from memory, calculate atomic number, mass, number of electrons, protons, neutrons, etc., from a chart. Study your electron configuration chart and be able to reproduce it. Be able to do an orbital diagram for a given element. Practice, practice, practice.
2. Try quizzes 6, 7, 8, and 9. Use your periodic table as needed.
3. (*)Use the activities from this unit for review, such as this matching activity.

Lesson 38(*)

1. (*)Complete your test. You may use your periodic table and electron configuration chart if needed. Complete the extra credit and say what are the two views of light: it can be what two things?
2. Check your answers. Score 2 points per answer except for the chart (17-20, just one point each). There are 45 answers all together (some questions have multiple parts) for a total possible of 74.
3. Record your score out of a total of 74 points.

Lesson 39*

1. Read through this introduction to the next unit, “The Periodic Table.”
2. *Print the key terms. (source)
3. *Print the note taking guide. (source)
4. Watch the video on the history of the periodic table.
   • Take notes.
   • When the class on the video pauses to do their element organization, you do the same.
     • Take the first 15 elements and try to organize based on the final term of the electron distribution (valence electrons). For example, the elements ending in 1s’s would go together, 2s’s would be together, 2p’s, etc. Organize with increasing atomic number.
     • Pay attention in the video on how to use the periodic table when figuring out electron distribution. This will help you tremendously.
   • Pause the video when prompted and really try to complete the exercises.
   • Remember what he says about the d-block having the first number as one less than you would think from the periodic table. If the d-block is in the 5^th row, you would start that block with the number 4. For example, Iron (Fe) with atomic number of 26 in the fourth row, would use 3d rather than a 4. You would use one less than 4, which would be 3.
5. This section takes a lot of practice. The “Noble Gas Distribution” makes it easier, since you use the noble gas before the element in question, and the remainder of the electron distribution. It’s like the shorthand of the chemistry world.
6. Here are the answers for the video quiz. (answers: B,C,B,C,B,C,B)

Lesson 40

1. Review the Noble Gases configurations.
2. Do these review activities.
3. Do the questions for a grade.
   • Record your score out of 9.
4. Note the chemical symbol corresponds to its Latin name. Try to familiarize yourself with these oddball symbols. It will help when you come across them in the future. (There is no additional work to submit for a grade.)

Lesson 41*

1. *Print the note taking guide and the blank periodic table from the sidebar. You also need colored pencils or something like them.
2. Watch the video on the organization of the periodic table. There is additional information on the elements in the table besides the electron distribution.
3. Here are the answers to the video quiz. (answers: A,C,B,B,B,C,B)
4. Practice the periodic table. Click on “More Options” and choose the first 36 elements from the top corner of the box below the periodic table.
   • Use your periodic table to help you with the chemical name/chemical symbol game if needed.
5. And a little just for fun, here’s a Harvard lecturer singing the elements. But maybe it will inspire you to learn it too.

Lesson 42*

1. *Complete all the matching exercises.
   • Valence electrons are the TOTAL number of electrons in that outer energy level. Use your periodic table.
   • For example, Oxygen has 6 because it has 1s²2s²2p⁴. You add up the digits for the highest level number (in this case, 2). Remember that an energy level is all of the electrons in that level number.
   • For example an element with electrons in the 1s, 2s, and 2p use 2 energy levels (not 3). An element with electrons in 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p, uses 3 energy levels (not 5).
   • Check your answers. (source)
2. Practice using Building Elements.  Click on “It’s Elementary” tab.

Lesson 43

1. Another elements song! Take a listen and learn about their uses. Make it full screen. Don’t get distracted and waste time.
2. Answer the questions. Use your notes and the periodic table if needed.
3. What is the noble gas distribution for phosphorus? (Answer: [Ne]3s^23p^3)
4. What is the noble gas distribution for barium? (Answer: [Xe]6s^2)
5. Answer the questions and note how many you got correct.
   • Record your score out of 13 for those, plus the noble gas questions above.
6. Do this element quiz . Don’t worry if you get some questions wrong.

Lesson 44*

1. *Print the note taking guide and the Predicting Ionic Charges worksheet.
2. Watch the video and take notes. Don’t worry about doing the classroom project in the video. Pay attention to the trends and the scientific explanations as to WHY the trends exist. Some are more obvious than others and based on information you already know.
3. Ionic charges: Remember the noble gases on the right of the periodic table are stable, that is, their valence energy levels are full. The other atoms on the chart “want” to be stable, too. To accomplish this, the atoms will lose or gain electrons to try to achieve that state of the noble gas with the outer-most level full. The elements closer to the left of the periodic table will want to lose electrons (it’s easier to lose 1, 2, or 3 electrons than gain 5, 6, 7, or 8). In the video, he hints that losing electrons is like giving to others, which is a positive thing. So, when an atom loses electrons, it has a positive charge. Also, think about it. If you lose negatively-charged electrons, you now have more positive protons in the nucleus, giving the atom an overall positive charge. Does that make sense? If you add negatively-charged electrons, you end up with more electrons than protons, giving the atom a more negative charge.
4. Here are the video quiz answers. (answers: B,C,D,A,B,C,C)
5. Complete the Predicting Ionic Charges chart. Check your answers. (Answer Correction: N row…”to become stable”…gain is the answer.  F row under…# of electrons under Ion…answer is 10 not 9.)
6. Record up to 20 points for completing the chart.

Lesson 45(*)

1. Study your periodic chart “cheat sheet” and the trends involved. Do you understand WHY the trends are what they are? You must know the definitions of the property to be able to understand why.
2. Complete the questions for a quiz grade.
   • Record your score out of 22.
3. (*)Complete the matching.
4. Try the ScienceGeek review quiz. Mistakes aren’t problems. They are opportunities to learn. Take advantage of them!
5. Study what you have learned so far.
6. This is the end of the first quarter. Calculate your quarterly grade. Your goal is to get an A. If you didn’t, what do you need to do differently to get a higher score next time?

Lesson 46* (Materials: colored pencils or crayons)

1. (*)Print the second quarter grading sheet or use the Excel version.
2. Remember a stable ground state is when an element has a full valence level. An ion would be when it was missing an electron.
3. You can make elements stable and unstable here.
4. Play Which One Doesn’t Belong. Click on “What’s in the box?” tab.

Lesson 47*

1. *Complete the graphical comparison lab. Print off the graphs and put them in your lab notebook.
2. Answer the questions in complete sentences, making sure to restate the question in each answer. Your answers should make clear what the question was.
3. Grade your lab based on the provided rubric. (Divide your score in half.)
4. Record your score out of 50.

Lesson 48(*)

1. Study what you have learned in this unit. Revisit pages if you need extra practice.
2. Be sure you can do electron configurations, valence levels, noble gas distribution, and figure out stable ions. Remember the Cl ion question in the card matching is incorrect. Know about Mendeleev and Moseley. Your test is on Lesson 49.
3. (*)If you feel like you’ve got a handle on this and aren’t going to use your time studying, here are some Periodic Table puzzles. (Here are my answers to the first one. If you think I messed up, write and tell me and explain. Answers: First period: X, L  Second period: U, R, A, Q, Y, E, D, W  Third period: J, M, I, T, Z, G, K, V)

Lesson 49(*)

1. (*)Take the Unit 4 test.
2. Check your answers. (3 points for each answer)
3. Record your score out of 90. (potential 4 points extra credit)
4. Obtain lab materials for unit 5. (These are all listed on the materials list at the top of the page.)

Lesson 50***

1. You are starting a new unit today, Bonding.
   • How is it that every substance in the universe is made from different combinations of only 118 known elements? Through bonding! Elements combine to form ionic compounds, covalent compounds, also known as molecules, and metals. (source)
2. *Print the table of electronegativities. You will need this for today and future use.
3. *Print the key terms.
4. *Print the note taking guide.
5. Watch the video and take notes.
6. Answers to the video element bonding results (ionic, polar covalent, ionic, non-polar covalent, polar covalent)
7. Answers to the end of video questions (A,B,B,A,A,B,D)

Lesson 51*

1. Go through the ionic bonding activity and complete the activity. Click on the “Groups” tab.
2. Watch the music video, “What Kind of Bonds Are These?”
3. Go through the activities on of this page for review.
4. Complete the lab. Pay attention to the fact that you don’t have to use all the items listed. Read through all the directions before you start.
   • *Print or create your own data table.
5. Begin the lab report.

Lesson 52*

1. Complete the lab report from yesterday.
2. Score your lab based on the rubric, 100 points, and then divide your score in half.
3. Record your score out of 50.
4. **Print the note taking guide and video problem set.
5. Watch the video. Follow along in your notes and take additional notes as needed. Pause the video and do the practice problems. Check your answers with the video.
   • Remember that when you do DOT DIAGRAMS, add dots to the symbol, you must place a dot for each side before putting a second dot on a side. For example, Aluminum will have one dot on three sides, not two dots on one side and one on another. Nitrogen will have a dot on each of the four sides, then add an additional dot for each side until you get 5 total (or the specific number of valence electrons on the periodic table).
   • Lewis structures are different. Keep practicing.
   • Quiz answers are: (B,B,D,C,C,B,C)
6. Record 20 points for completing the practice problems from the video.
7. Record 10 points for completing the assignments.

Lesson 53*

1. *Practice electron dot diagrams.
2. Check your answers in the matching below. Please ignore the extra diagram, or see what it is!
3. Watch the review video. This teacher tells his students to complete the dot diagram by filling in two dots (electrons) on one side (representing the s2 orbital) then fill in one on each of the other sides before coming back and filling in the second dot (electron) on those three other sides (representing the p6 orbital). That is another (and probably more correct) way to complete the dot diagram. Be aware that Georgia Virtual does NOT do this in the exercises and quizzes. So it will also not be done on the test. Just be aware of this difference. You can skip the history lesson around the ten minute mark. (You watched the beginning of this already. You can watch it again if you want the review, or you can skip to 4:20.)

Lesson 54

1. Practice Lewis Structures from Lesson 52 for extra practice.
2. Complete the activities on the page.
3. Do this matching activity.
4. Record 20 points for completing the assignments without cheating and with correcting and understanding your mistakes.

Lesson 55*

1. Study your notes for the test tomorrow. Be familiar with the types of bonds and the relationship with electronegativity. You will be able to use your electronegativity table, so print it off from if you didn’t already on Lesson 50.
   • You could practice with this activity.
   • If wanted, here are a couple of sites for review. One Two-Click on “Groups”
2. Know how to do Dot Diagrams, Lewis Structure diagrams, and Lewis Structure ion diagrams. Practice with ones from the unit.

Lesson 56(*)

1. Your test will be as follows. Keep track of how many you get right as you go.
   • Answer the multiple choice questions. (6 questions)
   • (*)Do the matching activities. (6 questions and 5 questions)
   • Draw the first five Lewis Structure diagrams (5 questions). Take your time, use your periodic table and electronegativity chart.
   • Score 2 points for each of 22 questions.
2. Check your answers.
3. Record your total out of 44 points.

Lesson 57***

1. You will begin a new unit today on Chemical Formulas and Equations. Please continue to practice the Lewis Structure diagrams and dot diagrams if you continue to have trouble. Chemistry builds on itself all year, so keep practicing. Retest if needed.
2. *Print the Ionic Charge Chart.
3. You are going to be learning about chemical reactions.
4. *Print and read over the key terms.
   • You can try the crossword puzzle if that helps you think through the key terms. (Do not put a blank spot between words in an answer)
5. *Print the Ionic Formula note taking guide.

Lesson 58

1. Watch the first video on Ionic Formula Writing.
   • Quiz answers:( B,B,D,B,D,A,B)
2. Do the Ionic Formula Activity. The charges on each ion will help you determine how many you need. They need to balance. You only need to do a few.
   • We’re seeing that molecules are balanced. There is an equal number of positive and negative charges.

Lesson 59*

1. Watch the two videos on ionic formula writing: one, two.
2. *Complete this worksheet. This is like the balancing activity from Lesson 58. Try to do the formulas on your own (the charges are given) before checking the answers.

Lesson 60*

1. Try to do the tables again. You will have to use the printout to find the ternary compound charges. Practice looking them up.
2. Complete the matching activity. Match the element with the corresponding cation or anion that it forms when it seeks an ionic bond.
3. *Write the formulas. Check your answers.

Lesson 61*

1. *Print out the Ionic Puzzle Pieces. Cut out each puzzle piece. Use the pieces to find the formulas for when the following elements combine. Write the formula for each combination.
   • sodium and chlorine
   • sodium and oxygen
   • sodium and nitrogen
   • magnesium and chlorine
   • magnesium and oxygen
   • magnesium and nitrogen
   • aluminum and chlorine
   • aluminum and oxygen
   • aluminum and nitrogen
   • Check your answers.  Record 10 points for completing the assignment.
2. Answer the questions.

Lesson 62*

1. *Print the Molecular Formula Writing note taking guide.
2. Watch the video on Writing Molecular Formulas and an Introduction to Organic Molecules. (Answers: D,D,B,A,B,D,B)

Lesson 63**

1. *Print the Molecular Compounds handout and complete it.
2. Check your answers.
3. Record 20 points for completion.
4. *Complete the worksheet on Organic Compounds. (source)
5. Check your answers.

Lesson 64

1. Complete this page as review.
2. Record 10 points for completing the task.
3. Go to Chemical Formulas and complete the interactive and try the quiz at the end. Hopefully, it isn’t confusing. Remember, ionic formulas are between metals and non-metals (with positive and negative charges), while molecular compounds are usually between non-metals (including organic compounds) without charges and using prefixes.

Lesson 65*

1. *Print the Naming Compounds note taking guide and the Naming Compounds Handout.
2. Watch the first video and take notes. At the first pause, complete the first two assessments  which cover ionic formulas and naming ionic compounds.  The quiz questions at the end of the video are also found at the bottom of the page. Check your answers.
3. After the video, complete these two assessments which deal with molecular compounds.

Lesson 66

1. Complete the Naming Compounds Handout (printed on Lesson 65).
2. Check your answers. Note that ionic compounds have metals and non-metals and have charges that must cancel out. They are named differently than molecular compounds, which are bonded non-metals and use prefixes.
3. Go to the Naming Compounds practice and click on “Text Only” to begin. Work through some problems for extra practice.

Lesson 67

1. Practice more naming compounds.
2. Play a game. Name the compounds.
3. We are going to split up this unit into two parts. You will have a test tomorrow on naming ionic and molecular compounds. Review your material and practice. Be sure you understand how to name compounds with metals that have multiple cations (like lead (II) or lead (III)…). Remember that an ionic compound could begin with ammonium (NH₄) as in ammonium nitrate, etc. It is the only cation listed on your chart.
4. Study your prefixes for covalent and inorganic compounds. Practice!

Lesson 68*

1. *PARENTS ONLY-Print the test. (source) Only print out page 1 as the answers are on the second page. Or print page 2 also for ease of grading.
2. Complete the test. You may use your periodic chart and ion charges chart.
3. Score up to 5 points each with a total of 100 points possible. Take off 5 points total if the student has to use notes for help with prefixes.
4. Record your score out of 100.

Lesson 69*

1. *Print the word equations and balancing note taking guide.
2. Watch the video on chemical equations and balancing.
3. Use the questions at the top of the page to check your video quiz questions.  Then complete the rest of the page to practice balancing equations.

Lesson 70

1. Use the Balancing Act activity to practice. (alternate)
2. Try this quiz.
3. Record your score out of 5 points.

Lesson 71

1. Complete the lab on metals in an aqueous solution.
   • Test Mg, Ag, Cu (copper not cupper), and Zn together. Test them both ways, as in Mg in Zn and Zn in Mg. There’s a difference.
   • Make a chart and record the reactions.
   • Do the same with Fe, Pb, Ni, Sn.
   • You are trying to rate them most reactive to least reactive metal.
2. Which reacted the most times? the least?
3. Rank them most to least reactive metals.
4. Compare your answer to these results.
5. Write an equation for one of these single replacement reactions. What’s happening?
   • Example:     Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + MgSO4 (aq)
6. You will finish your lab report on Lesson 72.

Lesson 72

1. Complete the lab. Complete your lab report.
2. Score 2 points for each thing completed: 16 results, 8 ranked, 1 equation.
3. Record your score out of 50 points.

Lesson 73*

1. *Print the note taking guide on types of reactions and predicting products.
2. Watch the video and take notes on “Types of Reactions and Predicting Products.” Check your video quiz answers with the multiple choice questions

Lesson 74

1. Complete the two practice activities.  In the first one, use your printed charts to help you write the compounds, then balance the equation. Check your answers when you are done. Use your notes to determine the type of reactions.
2. Record a score of 16 for completing the exercise.
3. Review material learned thus far.

Lesson 75

1. Practice more with reaction identification.
2. Write the activity series of metals on the back of your periodic table. You will need this for your test.
3. Study all of your material since the last test (Lesson 68) for a test on Lesson 76. Be able to identify whether a reaction will occur or not using the metal activity series. Know the 7 diatomic elemental molecules from your notes. Know the states of metals, nonmetals, ionic and covalent compounds in reactions and their exceptions. Know your five reaction types and be able to give a standard formula (using variables or example).

Lesson 76

1. This is a two-part test. Complete the reaction identification activity. (The equations may not be identical to when you practiced before.) Take note of the number of correct answers.
   • Your score is out of 15 points total here.
2. Complete this activities.
   • Record up to 21 points here. Score up to 3 points for each, so that you can award partial credit.
3. List the five reaction types and give a standard formula using variables (A, B, etc.) or an example if you can’t remember the other. 5 points for knowing the names and 5 points for the example or formula for each.
   • Score up to 10 total points here.
4. Record your score out of 46 total test points.

Lesson 77*

1. You will begin the next unit, Mass Relationships in a Compound.
2. Be sure you have your periodic table and ionic charge chart for this unit. Make sure your periodic table includes mass for each element.
   • In this module, you will be introduced to the concept of the mole. No, not the dermatological condition or the burrowing rodent, but a term coined by chemists and adopted by the International System of Units as the base unit for measuring the amount of a substance. Calculating moles involves using the molar mass. From that simple calculation, you will build many more conversions that will enable you to solve much more complicated chemical problems in this module and in the next one as well. (source)
3. *Print out the key terms. Begin memorizing Avogadro’s Number (6.02 x 10²³)
4. *Print the note taking guide on the introduction to the mole.
5. Watch the video on the mole and molar mass. Pause the video as needed to complete the problems. Use a scientific calculator to complete the math to save a little time. Review scientific notation on Lesson 7 if you need a refresher. (Note: the screen with the answer to the problem containing calcium iodide has an error. Avogadro’s number is written incorrectly; however, the answer is correct.)
6. Here are the solutions for Problem Set 1 and the Problems of the Day. The key to solving these problems is making sure the appropriate units cancel. Pay attention to this step, as it will help you set up problems correctly!
7. Check your answers to the video quiz.

Lesson 78

1. Complete Molar Mass Practice.
2. Record 10 points for completion.

Lesson 79

1. Complete these Mole Practice problems and More Mole Practice problems. Try the problems before checking your answers here and here. (Note: You can’t have a fraction of a molecule, but the practice is for the math, so work with the numbers given without worrying about it.)
2. Record 10 points for completion.

Lesson 80*

1. *Practice more problems using this worksheet.
2. Check your and answers.

Lesson 81

1. *Complete the Mixed Reception Student Activity. Can you solve the crime using what you have learned thus far?
2. You have three days to work on this. Your last day is Lesson 83.

Lesson 82

1. Complete the Mixed Reception Student Activity.
2.  Can you solve the crime using what you have learned thus far?
3. You need to finish this on Lesson 83.

Lesson 83

1. Complete the Mixed Reception Student Activity.
2.  Can you solve the crime using what you have learned thus far?
3. Score up to 4 points for any answer you found for #1-10. Score up to 2 points for any answer you found in the second section.
4. Record 46 points for solving the mystery and having fun doing it.
   • Check the student submitted answers. answer key

Lesson 84*

1. *Print the note taking guide on percent composition and empirical formula.
2. *Watch the video and take notes. *Print and complete the video labs: one   two.
3. Check your answers to the video labs: one   two.
   • Answer correction for lab one. The very last answer should be (N2O5).
4. Check your answers to the video quiz.

Lesson 85

1. Practice with finding percentages to refresh your memory with the concept.
2. Go to the tutorial on finding chemical formulas from mass percentages and click on the text only. It is a walkthrough of this concept.
3. Complete the practice page. Check your answers.

Lesson 86*

1. Complete additional practice with this worksheet.
2. Check your answers. (Answer note: We had a student report that H should be multiplied by 2, so the answer should be 2.7%.)
3. *Print the percent sugar lab worksheet. Use nutrition facts from food labels in your kitchen.
4. Begin the lab. Here is a link for nutrition data.

Lesson 87

1. Complete the lab and lab report. (Use the rubric for grading)
2. Divide your score in half and record your score out of 50.

Lesson 88**

1. *Print the note taking guide on molecular formulas and hydrates.
2. *Also print the video lab data sheet.
3. Watch the video and complete the exercises. Pause the video as needed. Check your answers to the video lab and to the video quiz.

Lesson 89

1. Begin the lab. Plan time to complete the lab and lab report tomorrow.
2. Here is the link to the virtual lab on determining the formula of a hydrate. This has the questions you need to answer. Use the video link in number 1 to watch the experiment and get your data.

Lesson 90

1. Complete the lab and report.
   • The link on the lab page is broken. Use this video link (alternate video link) to watch the experiment and get your data instead.
2. Grade your lab report using this rubric.
3. Record your score out of 50. (Divide your total in half.)
4. This is the last day of the quarter. Calculate your quarterly score and midterm grade (if applicable).

Lesson 91(**)

1. (*)Print the third quarter grading sheet or use the Excel version.
2. (*)Practice more with molecular formulas and hydrates using the worksheet.
3. Check your answers.
4. Study and practice what you have learned in this unit. You will have a test on Lesson 92 covering this material. Be sure you know how to solve the various problems. Know the definitions.

Lesson 92

1. For your test:
   • Complete the top definition section for 6 points total.
   • Work problems 1-8 for 5 points each. (40 points for section)
2. Scoring – give partial credit for problems that may not have correct answers, but set up correctly, etc. at your discretion.
3. Record your score out of 46.

Lesson 93***

1. You will begin a new unit today, Stoichiometry.
   • “Stoichiometry is the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Using molar masses and mole ratios found in balanced chemical equations, conversion factors are set up so that units cancel. Using the cancelled units as a guide, stoichiometry problems follow predictable patterns. The Law of Conservation of Matter is the basis of all stoichiometry. Using the Law of Conservation of Matter and the knowledge of basic stoichiometry, limiting reactants and excess reactants can be calculated. Limiting reactant problems have many practical applications, including recipes in cooking, cleaning products, and even gasoline consumption in your vehicle. Every reaction can be used to calculate a theoretical yield. The actual yield can be measured through experimentation. Using these values, percent yield for any chemical equation can be calculated.” (source)
2. Because chemistry builds on previous concepts, please continue to review previous units with which you are having trouble.
3. *Print the key terms.
4. **Print the note taking guide and the video lab handout.
5. Watch the video and pause while completing the assignments.
6. Check the answers.

Lesson 94

1. Watch Mark Rosengarten’s tutorial video on moles and stoichiometry.
2. Complete this stoichiometry review.
3. Record 20 points for completing the assignment.

Lesson 95

1. (*)Practice more with the worksheet on moles and mole mass.
2. Check your answers.
3. Record 15 points for completing the assignment.

Lesson 96*

1. *Print the note taking guide.
2. Watch the video on mass stoichiometry and take notes. Pause the video as needed.
3. Check your video quiz answers.

Lesson 97

1. Complete the practice problems. Take your time and go step by step. Check your answers.
2. Record 20 points for completing the assignment.

Lesson 98

1. Complete these word problems with data charts.

Lesson 99

1. Watch the video on how to use the virtual lab equipment.
2. Complete the virtual lab by designing an experiment. Click on Gravimetric Determination of Arsenic in the menu bar to read the problem you are solving.
3. Write down your procedure, all the steps you try.
4. How are you attacking the problem? Why? What outcome are you expecting?
5. Feel stuck? Here’s a video (horrible sound quality) of sample 1.

Lesson 100(*)

1. Today you are going to work on the same lab. Here are new directions, though. At the bottom of this page, notice a procedure. Follow it.
2. How does this compare to what you did yesterday?
3. You can check your work on sample one using the video; jump ahead.
4. Complete a lab report of your question, hypothesis, procedures, and conclusion.
5. Record 50 points for completion.

Lesson 101

1. Complete the Stoichiometry tutorial. (Flash – You can read the text below it if you can’t use it.)
2. Complete the tutorial on the “The Stoichiometry of Product Formation and Percent Yield.”
3. Also go through the “Limiting Reagents.” This is a new concept that will be discussed further tomorrow. It is even more math intensive and builds on what you have been learning. Please follow the steps as the instructor does and make sure you place your units properly so they cancel.
4. Record 10 points for completing the day’s material.

Lesson 102*

1. *Print the note taking guide on limiting reactants.
2. Watch the video on limiting reactants, pause as needed, and take notes.
3. Check your answers to the video lab and the video quiz.

Lesson 103*

1. *Complete the limiting reactants activity lab. (Answers)
2. Answer the questions.

Lesson 104

1. Review.
2. Use the activity Reactants, Products and Leftovers. Start with sandwiches, and then, from the bottom of the screen, go to molecules, and then the game.

Lesson 105*

1. *Review Moles and Stoichiometry by answering these questions. You have this lesson and Lesson 106 to complete this.
2. You can finish this on Lesson 106. Lesson 106 is just to review for your test on Lesson 107.
3. Check your answers.

Lesson 106

1. *Continue your review from Lesson 105.
2. Check your answers.
3. You will have a test on Lesson 107 on this chapter. Know how to write formulas and calculate the various types of problems learned thus far. This includes percent composition, percent yields, and limiting reagents.

Lesson 107

1. Take your test.
   • Complete these 15 questions.
   • Complete these 19 questions.
2. Check your answers. Check your answers.
   • Score up to 3 points each. You may give partial credit for incorrect answers if it has part of the problem worked properly.
3. Record your score out of 100 points total. (potential for extra credit)

Lesson 108*

1. You will begin a new unit today, Gas Laws. You will step away from what you have been working on and instead use mathematical equations to solve problems. Continue to review past units as you will pick up again on this material in the future.
2. *You will not have to memorize equations, so print the Gas Laws Formulas sheet.
3. Be sure you have access to the lab materials listed: small Styrofoam cup, 3 x 5 index card, straw.
4. *Print the key terms. Begin familiarizing yourself with these terms.
5. *Print the note taking guide for kinetic theory.
6. Watch the video on gas laws and atmospheric pressure.
7. Check the video quiz answers.

Lesson 109

1. Play with this interactive and describe the relationship between each of these: pressure and density.
2. Complete the experiments at home.

Lesson 110**

1. Complete the Self-assessment and Practice.
2. **Print the note taking guide on Boyle’s Law and lab worksheet.
3. Watch the video on Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law. Complete the lab worksheet as you go.
4. Check your answers.

Lesson 111

1. Watch the Boyle’s Law animation.
2. Scroll down and complete the gas law problems.
3. Record 10 points for completing the day’s work.

Lesson 112**

1. Learn about gas pressure affecting balloons.
2. Complete the gas laws practice.
3. **Print the note taking guide on the behavior of gases and Graham’s Law video lab handout.
4. Watch the first video on the behavior of gases.
5. Check your video quiz answers.
6. You will check your lab answers tomorrow.

Lesson 113*

1. Scroll down and check your lab answers. Rework any you had trouble with.
2. Learn about Graham’s Law. Answer the review questions.

Lesson 114

1. Complete this review.

Lesson 115

1. You will have a test on this unit tomorrow. You will be able to use your equations handout, periodic table, and other handouts you have used in the past if needed.
2. Know how to complete the various equations. Know definitions and be able to explain the various laws. Go through activities in previous lessons and review.

Lesson 116

1. This is your test. Score 5 points each, 80 points total. (It’s possible to receive partial credit.)
2. Record your score out of 80.

Lesson 117

1. Review all of the past units. Use your past tests to prepare for your midterm exam on Lesson 119.

Lesson 118

1. Review all of the past units. Use your past tests to prepare for your midterm exam on Lesson 119.

Lesson 119*

1. *Take your midterm.
2. Check your answers.
3. Record your score out of 20.

Lesson 120**

1. You will begin a new unit today, Solutions.
2. *Print the key terms. Begin to familiarize yourself with the terms.
3. Make sure you have the ingredients for the lab on Lesson 121.
4. *Print the note taking guide.
5. Watch the video on solutions.
6. Check the video answers.

Lesson 121

1. Review your notes and answer the self-assessment and practice. Use your notes if you need to.
2. Read the directions and begin the rock candy lab on solubility. The material will have to sit for a few days.
3. Begin your lab report to save on time when you finish the lab.

Lesson 122**

1. **Print the note taking guide on solubility and lab data chart and questions.
2. Watch the video and complete the video lab.
3. Check your lab answers and the video quiz answers.

Lesson 123

1. Complete this solubility practice. You may want to watch the video first.
2. Practice more solubility curves.

Lesson 124

1. Learn more about sugar and crystals for your lab.
2. Finish the lab.
3. Finish your lab report.
4. Score your report normally.
5. Record your score out of 50.

Lesson 125*

1. Answer the questions.
2. *Print the note taking guide on molarity and colligative properties.
3. Watch the video and take notes.
4. Check your answers to the video quiz.

Lesson 126

1. Watch the video on molarity and complete the practice.
2. Complete this page and be sure to notice the difference in Molarity vs Molality.
3. Give yourself 20 points for completing today’s work.

Lesson 127

1. Study your notes and complete the self-assessment and practice.
2. Practice with some molarity problems. The answers are at the bottom of the PDF.
3. Record 20 points for completion.

Lesson 128

1. Work through these stoichiometry problems.
   • chemical remediation of arsenic
   • solution stoichiometry
2. Score up to 5 points for completion.

Lesson 129

1. Complete this page for review.
2. You will have a test on Lesson 130 on the material in this unit. Know how to read a solubility curve and complete molarity problems. Know the definition of solubility. Practice writing chemical formulas as you may have to write a chemical formula from words given.

Lesson 130*

1. Students may use their periodic table and other material they have used in past tests.
2. *PARENTS: Print pages 1-4 from this link.  (Answers are on pages 5-7)  Also print this solubility chart (You are using ONLY the solubility chart from this link.  Not the worksheets.)
3. For pages 1-2, students are to complete numbers 1-5. The last one on each page is extra credit. 5 points each. ANSWER CORRECTION! Page 1 Molarity Practice Problems #1 Please check the answer for number 4 on that page at this link. (50 points this section, 15 possible extra credit here)
4. For pages 3-4, score 2 points per question/part (For example, question 20 has 7 parts – 14 potential points). (50 points this section, potential for extra credit)
5. Record your score out of 100.

Lesson 131

1. You will begin a new unit today, Acids, Bases, and Salts. Please use this time to review material and practice from previous units. Make sure you can name compounds, calculate molarity, and determine formulas and chemical equations. Again, chemistry builds on previous concepts, so please master these skills. (There will also be a final at the end of the course. You’ll want to be prepared.)
2. You will need a scientific calculator able to perform log calculations.

Lesson 132*

1. Read through the page on Acids and Bases. Be sure you have the material listed.
2. *Print the key terms. Begin familiarizing yourself with them.
3. Complete the crossword. Use your notes. Some of the definitions will not make much sense yet, but you will learn about them in this unit.
4. Record 10 points for completion.
5. Practice items listed on Lesson 131 if you need additional practice.

Lesson 133*

1. *Print the note taking guide on the introduction to acids and bases.
2. Watch the video and take notes.
3. Check your video quiz answers.

Lesson 134

1. Complete this page about the Formation of Acids.
2. Experiment with acids and bases.
3. Need to read about it?
4. STOP-Figure out your third quarter grade. Save all of your labs and written work for your records. You could also use “print screen” to record a snapshot of some of your online quizzes or videos.

Lesson 135(*)

1. (*)Print out your fourth quarter grading sheet or use the Excel version.
2. Complete the Self-Assessment and Practice page.
3. A key thing to remember is that an acid usually has a H in front, a base has an (OH), and a salt has neither (although a salt may have O and H, just not together as a hydroxide ion).
4. Give yourself 20 points for completion of the work.

Lesson 136

1. Read this article on chemistry and cooking (on the left.)
   • Learn one technique of molecular gastronomy and tell or write about it.
2. Explore the Science of Cooking website. Take note that most cooking involves physical and chemical reactions to make delicious food!
3. Not mentioned is the fact that once food enters our bodies, our digestive systems uses chemical reactions to break down food so our bodies can use the vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in the food. So, literally, you are what you eat!

Lesson 137*

1. *Print the notes for the pH indicators video.
2. Watch the video.
3. Complete the page about indicators.
4. Check your answers.
5. Be sure you have your experiment supplies for tomorrow’s lab. Use parental guidance in locating some of these caustic materials. Also, if you cannot obtain particular substances, your parent may have to adjust the grading rubric accordingly so you do not lose credit for conducting the experiment.

Lesson 138

1. Watch the video on strong acid solutions.
2. Practice pH calculations.
3. Complete the lab.
4. Begin your lab report.

Lesson 139

1. Finish your lab report.
2. Score your lab according to the rubric on the lab page, up to 10 points for the write-up and up to 54 points for the data.
3. Record your score out of 64.
4. Watch the video on strong base solutions.
5. Learn about and complete the calculations. Try the questions at the bottom.
6. Practice pH and pOH calculations.

Lesson 140

1. Complete the virtual lab. Here’s the full screen version of the simulator.
2. Record up to 25 points. (I think there are 25 answers for you to complete.)

Lesson 141

1. Complete this Self-Assessment and Practice page.
2. Record 10 points for completion.
3. Practice more using the link used on Lesson 139 if you need it.

Lesson 142*

1. *Print the note taking guide on neutralization reactions.
2. Watch the video.
3. Check the video quiz answers.

Lesson 143

1. Watch how this lab is done with real equipment. Here’s how to do the computations with it.
2. Complete this lab. Click on the title for the explanation of what you are looking for.
   • You can watch this if you are stuck on what to do.
3. To practice computations, here are numbers for another similar lab.
4. If you need any more support, here is a full video through equation, computations, etc.
5. Complete a lab report.
6. Score your lab.
   • Start with the question of what you were going to find.
   • Explain acid-base titration
   • Write your procedure for the first lab, step by step.
   • Write an equation.
   • Show your calculations.
7. Record your score out of 31. Subtract off 5 points for any missing part.

Lesson 144

1. You will have a test on Lesson 145 on this unit. Study your notes and practice the various types of problems learned. Practice your calculations. Know what colors litmus paper turns when reacting to acids and bases. Be able to name acids, bases, and salts.
2. You can go back to previous “Self-Assessment and Practice” pages for review.

Lesson 145

1. Complete this page.
2. Scoring: begin at 100 and take 2 points off for each missed question.
3. The crossword puzzle is 1 extra credit point for each correct puzzle answer.
4. Add 1 point for each extra credit answer.
5. Record your score out of 100. (potential for extra credit)

Lesson 146*

1. You will begin a new unit today, Thermochemistry.
   Thermochemistry is the study of the heat released by, or absorbed from, chemical reactions. It is a branch of thermodynamics and is utilized by a wide range of scientists and engineers.  (Source)
2. *Print off the key terms. Begin to familiarize yourself with these terms.
3. Complete the crossword.

Lesson 147*

1. *Print the note taking guide on thermochemistry.
2. Watch the video and take notes.
3. Check the video quiz answers.

Lesson 148

1. Learn about energy storage and transfer.
2. Go through the pages.

Lesson 149

1. Learn about fevers. Please close this site after reading the article.
2. Learn why you sweat.
3. Learn about homeostasis.
4. Record 20 points for completing the assignment.

Lesson 150

1. Go through this page about calculating energy change. Familiarize yourself with the formula and solving problems where you calculate the change in energy.
2. Make sure to actually try the practice problems. Practice makes progress. Just looking at the answers makes you lazy.

Lesson 151

1. Complete this page on potential energy. If you don’t understand the answers, review using previous videos.
2. Record 10 points for completion.
3. Learn about chemistry and energy. In the example at the bottom of the page, they are using the enthalpy of fusion of water, which is 6.01 kJ/mol. And in the green box, here’s the equation to solve that question: q = (6.01 kJ/mol) (53.1 g/18.0 g/mol). Note that the water is being frozen and there is NO temperature change. The molar heat of fusion value is used at the solid-liquid phase change, REGARDLESS of the direction (melting or freezing).

Lesson 152

1. Learn about the heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization.
2. Go through this page on bond energy. Make sure to practice with the practice problem.

Lesson 153*

1. *Complete the virtual lab.  Heat Exchange between Metal and Water *
   • Use this virtual lab.
2. Complete the printed worksheet. Answer all questions and fill in all charts.
3. Check your answers.
4. Record up to 50 points for completing the lab.

Lesson 154

1. Complete the page on calculating energy change.
2. Complete the page on solving thermochemistry problems.

Lesson 155

1. Go through this page on potential energy.
2. Go through this page on heating curves.

Lesson 156

1. You will have a test on Lesson 157 on this unit. Study all material in this unit. Be able to read the graphs you have learned and solve thermochemical problems. Be able to determine the characteristics of endothermic versus exothermic reactions. Be able to define activation energy and be able to explain thermodynamic questions. Know key terms.
2. You can use this page to review.

Lesson 157

1. Complete this page for your test.
2. Score 2 points for each CORRECT answer.
3. Record your score out of 65 points. (potential for 3 points extra credit)

Lesson 158*

1. You will begin a new unit today, Nuclear Chemistry.
2. Read through the introduction to this section.
   • Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties. An isotope is an atom of an element with a different number of neutrons. A radioactive isotope or radioisotope is an isotope that is unstable and may decay emitting alpha, beta, or gamma rays. Each of these three types of decay is depicted using a chemical equation. Radioactive elements have a known half-life, which is the time it takes for half of the sample to decay. Using this known half-life, it is possible to determine many things about a radioactive sample, and even possible to determine the age of prehistoric fossils. Nuclear fusion is the combination of 2 or more nuclei and results in a release of energy. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two similar sized nuclei. Fission results in hundreds of millions of electron volts of energy. (source)
3. *Print the key terms.
4. Begin familiarizing yourself with the terms and complete the puzzle.

Lesson 159*

1. *Print the note taking guide on nuclear science.
2. Watch the video and take notes.
3. Check your answers.

Lesson 160

1. Carefully read through information about alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Practice the problems they give you.
2. Practice more radioactivity problems.
3. Record 10 points for completion.

Lesson 161

1. Watch these videos on the detection of radioactivity and the charge of decay particles.
2. Read through the page, including the information about fusion and fission. Click on “View” to see the simulations.

Lesson 162*

1. *Print the note taking guide on types of nuclear reactions.
2. Watch the video and take additional notes.

Lesson 163

1. The next topic is half-life. This section will mention dates supposing the earth to be millions of years old. Here’s one article about it, if you are interested in reading about dating from a scientific Christian perspective. I think this quote from the article is really the most important fact when it comes to many differences science supposedly has with the Bible.
   • “Dr. Willard Libby, the founder of the carbon-14 dating method, assumed this ratio to be constant. His reasoning was based on a belief in evolution, which assumes the earth must be billions of years old. Assumptions in the scientific community are extremely important. If the starting assumption is false, all the calculations based on that assumption might be correct but still give a wrong conclusion.”
   • Assumptions-They are the jumping off point for every investigation. In college when I had to write a proof that 1 + 1 = 2 (it took two pages I think!) I had to start with the assumption that there was such a thing as 1. You have to start somewhere. So when one group assumes the universe is endless and billions of years old and one group assumes the universe was created and had its boundaries set in place thousands of years ago, you end up with different conclusions. Can you understand how that happens?
2. Watch this Khan Academy video on half-life.
3. Go through this page on half-life.
4. Practice with half-life.
5. Record 10 points for completion

Lesson 164

1. Practice more.
2. Use the video for review as well as these questions and this crossword. (source)

Lesson 165

1. Run the simulation for element x and y.
2. Make a data table showing the number of particles and the number of half lives and add to the table the fraction of remaining particles. (Simplify your fractions.)
3. If the amount of time passing between each data point increased or decreased, what would change about the graph? (Answer: nothing)
4. For your lab report: define half life, describe the procedure, include your table, write a conclusion as to what the lab showed.
5. Record up to 50 points for completion.

Lesson 166

1. Study all you have learned for a test on Lesson 164. Know how to determine alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Understand how to calculate half-life and explain nuclear fusion vs. fission.

Lesson 167*

1. *Print the test and complete it (except skip # 11).
2. Check your answers.
3. Start with 100 and take off up to 3 points for each incorrect answer (each item in the charts is 3 points as well.)
4. Record number correct out of 100.

Lesson 168*

1. You are beginning your last unit, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium.
   1. In this unit, you will learn how about kinetics, the study of rates of reactions. You will learn about the collision theory and reaction rates. You will learn about the different types of catalysts and their effect on activation energy. In addition, you will study equilibrium reactions and how these reactions respond to stresses.    source
2. Work on learning the terms. (source)
3. Read through this page.

Lesson 169*

1. *Print the note taking guide on reaction rates.
2. Watch the video and take additional notes.
3. These should be your video answers.

Lesson 170

1. Read through this page.
2. Watch the video about a grain silo explosion.
3. Watch this Khan Academy video on reaction rates and equilibrium. There are a few math errors, as noted, but watch it anyway.
4. Complete this review.
5. Record 10 points for completing the page.

Lesson 171

1. Go through the lesson on Dynamic Equilibrium.
2. Begin working on the lesson on Predicting Changes. You can finish on Lesson 172 after you watch the video.

Lesson 172**

1. *Print the note taking guide on Le Chatelier’s Principle and Keg.
2. *Also print the video lab sheet for filling in the data charts and answer questions.
3. Watch the video and take additional notes.
4. Check your answers.

Lesson 173

1. Watch this Khan Academy video on Le Chatelier’s Principle. Note that he introduces an equation regarding pressure. Disregard the equation as far as memorizing, but be aware of the concept and predicting chemical reaction shifts.
2. Complete the self-assessment and practice.
3. On Lesson 180 you’ll be having a final that will cover the whole course. Review your vocabulary and equations as you are able in order to be prepared.

Lesson 174*

1. *Complete the exploring equilibrium lab. Use the simulation here. This is the “browser compatible version” that comes up as a choice when you go through the link on the pdf.
2. You do not have to write out a lab report, but answer the questions thoroughly for credit.
3. Score up to 2 points per question.
4. Record your score out of 20. (potential for extra credit)

Lesson 175

1. Review the material learned thus far for your last test. Know Le Chatelier’s Principle and how to predict reactions and equilibrium based on different stresses. Understand collision theory and how to explain it. Know key terms.
2. Watch the video for review.

Lesson 176

1. Complete the page for your test.
2. Check your answers.
3. Score 2 points for each correct answer. 54 points possible.
4. Record your score out of 46. (potential for extra credit)

Lesson 177

1. Review for your final on Lesson 179.

Lesson 178

1. Review for your final on Lesson 179.

Lesson 179*

1. *Take your final exam. You’ll need the graph of the solubility curve for questions 27 and 28.
2. Check your answers. Each is worth three points. You may award partial credit where appropriate. You must label your answers where needed.
3. Record your score out of 120. (potential for extra credit)

Lesson 180

1. Congratulations on completing High School Chemistry!
2. As your last assignment, write a very brief essay (10-12 sentences) on what was the most interesting thing you learned or did this year in chemistry. Relate this type of activity to any profession who may use this concept. (i.e., Radiation chemistry to produce power in a nuclear power plant, or archaeologists using carbon dating to find the age of artifacts.)
3. Score 20 points for completion of this essay.
4. Calculate the score for your final quarter and for the year.
5. Take the polls.

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