Macrophage – contains lysosomes full of special enzymes and chemicals, which allows it to ingest and digest dangerous microbes
Memory cells – keep the body prepared for the next struggle with antigens that have already been encountered.
mRNA (messenger RNA) – used as the carrier of genetic codes and information directly from DNA to cell structures.
Mutation – a rearrangement of genes or change in base pairs so they produce different effects within their environment.
Nanometer – One-millionth of a millimeter.
Nucleic acid – an organic compound made up of a phosphoric acid, a carbohydrate and a base of purine or pyrimidine; formed in helical chains.
Nucleus – a cellular organelle that is the essential control mechanism for cell function; contains the DNA and genetic material.
Origin – location where the process of replication in a nucleic acid begins.
Parasite – an organism living in or on another organism that depends on its host for existence or support and gives nothing in return.
Pathogenesis – the growth and development of a disease.
Prion – an infectious crystallizing protein, which affects the brain.
Proteins – strands of amino acids which make the enzymes and structures needed for cells to grow and function properly.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) – strings of organic material, obtained from DNA, which store the proper instructions necessary to produce amino acids.
Receptor – a structure on a cell which joins with proteins to produce changes in cellular function.
Replication – the action or process of reproducing exact copies of one’s self.
Retrovirus – An RNA virus that converts its RNA into DNA by means of the enzyme reverse transcriptase and integrates itself directly into the host’s DNA.
Reverse transciptase – special enzyme which allows retroviruses to translate genetic code from RNA to DNA.
Ribosome – the spherical structure that assembles proteins after being fed the genetic instructions by mRNA.
Spleen – an organ that produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, and stores blood cells
Strain – a specific type, quality, or disposition of a material.
Suppressor T cells – monitor and adjust antibody levels in the body; act as suppressors to counteract the Helper and Killer T cells at the end of infections.
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